Camera Basics
* Basics of exposure
In one word "exposure" is what photography is all about. The exposure refers to how bright or dark your photo, due to the amount of light has recorded by the camera sensor. So, essentially It's the basics of photography.
* What is exposure triangle?
The exposure triangle is made of three elements: - ISO - Aperture - Shutter Speed
First, you have to understand this and get it clear to move your photography to the next level. After you learned how the exposure triangle works then you have the ability to manipulate the triangle so you know the how your photographs will turn out.
Lets talk about the 3 elements what affect the exposure.
First, you should know that if you change one of the elements will impact the others.
- 1. ISO (International Organization of Standardization) - is the camera's sensor sensitivity to light.
- 2. Aperture - the size of the lens opening (a hole), measured in f-stops.
You can change the quantity of light coming through the lens by changing the f-stop. When it's open, the light hit the camera's sensor then closes when the image exposed. Smaller the f-stop, bigger the hole,therefore more light is allowed to the camera.
* Depth of filed: means how much is in focus.
- Shallow DoF - increase the aperture and shutter speed,so the camera will only focus on the nearest object and everything behind gets blurred on the image because the larger aperture reduces the DoF when you taking portraits or close ups of objects. So it allows you to blur out distracting backgrounds..
- Wide DoF - decrease the aperture and shutter speed, so the camera will focus on the object and background.
- 3: Shutter speed - the amount of time keep the shutter open.
The shutter speed measured in fractions:
15th of a second (1/15th) or 500th of a sec (1/500th).
Longer the shutter speed, more light hits the sensor.
To freeze action the shutter speed would be 1/250th to 1/2000th.
* Shutter Speed Typical Examples
-1 - 30+ seconds Specialty night and low-light photos on a tripod
-2 - 1/2 second To add a silky look to flowing water
Landscape photos on a tripod for enhanced depth of field
-1/2 to 1/30 second To add motion blur to the background of a moving subject
Carefully taken hand-held photos with stabilization
-1/50 - 1/100 second Typical hand-held photos without substantial zoom
-1/250 - 1/500 second To freeze everyday sports/action subject movement
Hand-held photos with substantial zoom (telephoto lens)
-1/1000 - 1/4000 second To freeze extremely fast, up-close subject motion
* Camera Modes
If you have an electronic SLR camera you may find these A/Av and S/Tv on your mode selector button.
- Choose the A/Av/Aperture-Priority Mode if you want to change the size of hole in your lens then the camera will automatically change the shutter speed due to the f-stop.
- Choose the S/Tv/Shutter-Priority Mode if you want to change the time value to freeze an action then the camera will automatically change the aperture due to the fraction.
- Chose the M/Manual mode if you want to change everything on your camera: shutter speed,iso,aperture,etc.
* My SLR Film Camera - Miranda MS-3
Here is my old 35 mm film camera. It cost ₤6. I bought in the Newton-Le-Willows market. On these 2 images you can see the name of the camera parts. It hasn't got a shutter dial so when I'm doing bracketing I have to do it in a little bit different way. I will tell you more information about bracketing and black & white film processing in next part.
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